Conjugate Acid Definition in Chemistry

Annotated Bibliography On The Effects Of Aspartame

Annotated Bibliography for the Effects of Aspartame Numerous neurological and behavioral side effects have been linked with consuming aspartame at well below the approved safe limits set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Aspartame is an artificial sweetener that has been ingested in the United States for over three decades. Even though there are several studies showing the harmful effects of its consumption. When aspartame is digested several toxic chemicals are produced, most notability formic acid glutamate. Both of these chemicals cause the body to mimic the side effects of multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer. Even the passing of aspartame to be allowed in food was controversial. Just as the studies on it, continue to be today.†¦show more content†¦Phenylalanine can pass through the blood brain barrier and significantly change the production of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are the chemicals that send signals from one neuron to another. By bonding to a, â₠¬Å"†¦neutral amino acid transporter (NAAT)...† (Humphries, Pretorius, Naudà ©, 2008, para. 7) phenylalanine is able to pass through the blood brain barrier. The body also further breaks down phenylalanine to tyrosine when it is processed through the liver. If tyrosine is additionally broken down to dihydroxyphenylalanine and reaches the brain the production of dopamine will be compromised leading to depression like symptoms after the consumption of aspartame. Further cellular breakdowns are additionally explained throughout the article. The two most shocking assertions are the long-term effects with consuming high levels of aspartame with increasing the chemical glutamate on the NMDA receptors leading to a decrease in stimulation and neurodegeneration, possibly causing or mimicking the symptoms of the disease Alzheimer s. The second alarming claim made on the effect of long-term ingestion of aspartame is when aspartame s temperature exceeds 86 degrees Fahrenheit. As the authors observed, â€Å"†¦the wood alcohol in aspartame is converted into formaldehyde and then to formic acid, which in turn causes metabolic acidosis.† (Humphries, Pretorius, Naudà ©, 2008). Metabolic acidosis causes methanol toxicity, which has been associated with mimicking the symptoms of multipleShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Developmental Genes And Cancer911 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Moore, S. W. (2009). Developmental genes and cancer in children. Pediatric. Blood Cancer, 52(7), 755-760. doi:10.1002/pbc.21831. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19165888 A study shows that children who develop cancer have a gene deformity. The exposure of aspartame s carcinogenic effect is increased in the womb. Many children develop cancer because either one or both parent has the cancer genes or was exposed to different forms of carcinogenic as children

Humanist and Normative Approach Free Essays

Soft HRM follows the harvard model – considers human capital as assets rather than resources. Hard HRM follows the michigen model – enforces the interests of the organisation rather than the progress of individuals. Humanist Approach – SOFT HRM (Harvard)  · Philosophy: A fair day’s work for a fair day’s pay. We will write a custom essay sample on Humanist and Normative Approach or any similar topic only for you Order Now Organisational behaviour and the focus on corporate social responsibility. Companies see themselves as ethically conducted.  · Business objective: Increase productivity and profitability. Quality is secondary. They look to achieve optimum results Quality objective: Adequate quality to remain in business. Staff driven quality improvement approaches  · Information sharing: Limited information sharing as needed for job execution.  · Major decision makers: Manager, shareholders, customers, employees  · Employee involvement: Programme suggestions , plans individual employee awards, no formal system.  · Education and training: On the job training, feedback on the job performance – Results orientated, they measure results and evaluate them. Tend to look at the return on investment – hard to prove. g if in 2012 a company sells 600 products and in 2013 after training and development of staff this number increases to 1200, can we prove that this is in fact return on in vestment and due to the training.  · Reward structure: Design and administered by management  · Job security: Labour consider as a variable cost. Lay-off common during business downturn  · Use of symbols eg apple, Mcdonalds and Legal General (Umbrella)  · Focus on personalities and attitudes- behavioural based. Encourages self assessment through appraisals. rawing up your own development plan and managers helping employees to achieve these or to make progress rather than managing people out when they are not meeting objectives. Source: http://www. shvoong. com/business-management/human-resources/1861903-comparison-traditional-human-resource-approach/#ixzz2ONUzQ2fR Normative Approach – HARD HRM (Michigan) â€Å"The normative perspective of human resource management bases itself on the concepts of â€Å"hard HRM† and â€Å"soft HRM,† on which the foundations of human resource management rest. † [http://www. brighthubpm. om/resource-management/76151 -exploring-different-perspectives-of-hr-management/]  · Concentration on strategic planning with vertical and horizontol integration of policy.  · Organisational culture with a key objective of retaining competitive advantage.  · ensuring all of the policies and procedures are current  · innovation  · Administration is become a lot more innovative – adapting/changing to current times. A lot of admin is now online using systems such as ADPs HR. Net – holiday etc is now requested and approved online rather than using a paper system. Employee benefit and reward often takes the form of welfare systems for example gym memberships and paid sick leave  · Tend to have industrial relations eg trade unions and workforce representatives. Humanist approach tends to have more concern regarding employees progress, employee engagement and training/development of employees that may not necessarily directly improve the organisations output/productivity. Whereas a normative approach is more aligned with business strategy and integration of policy. How to cite Humanist and Normative Approach, Papers

The Dead Sea Scrolls (1545 words) Essay Example For Students

The Dead Sea Scrolls (1545 words) Essay The Dead Sea ScrollsTHE DEAD SEA SCROLLSHum. 211Karen RankSunday, October 17, 1999While pursuing one of his goats into a cave near the Dead Sea in the Jordan Desert, in1947, a fifteen year old boy by the name of Muhammad adh-Dhib, stumbled on to a greatdiscovery. Inside the cave, he found broken jars that contained scrolls written in a strangelanguage, wrapped in linen cloth and leather.1 This first discovery produced seven scrolls andstarted an archaeological search that produced thousands of scroll fragments in eleven caves. The Dead Sea is located in Israel and Jordan, east of Jerusalem. The dead sea is verydeep, salty, and its the lowest body of water in the world. Because the dead sea is at such a lowelevation, the climate has a high evaporation rate but a very low humidity which helped topreserve the scrolls.2Archaeologists searched for the dwelling of the people that may have left the scrolls inthe caves. The archaeologist excavated a ruin located between the cliffs where the scrolls werefound and the dead sea. This ruin is called Qumran. The ruins and the scrolls were dated by thecarbon 14 method and found to be from the third century which made them the oldest survivingbiblical manuscript by at least 1000 years. Since the first discoveries archaeologists have found over 800 scrolls and scrollfragments in 11 different caves in the surrounding area. In fact, there are about 100,000 fragmentsfound in all. Most of which were written on goat skin and sheep skin. A few were on papyrus, aplant used to make paper, but one scroll was engraved on copper sheeting telling of sixty buriedtreasure sites.3Because the scrolls containing the directions to the treasures is unable to be fullyunrolled, the treasures have not been found yet. In all, the texts of the scrolls were remarkable. They contained unknown psalms, Bible commentary, calendar text, mystical texts, apocalyptictexts, liturgical texts, purity laws , bible stories, and fragments of every book in the OldTestament except that of Esther, including a imaginative paraphrase of the Book of Genesis. Alsofound were texts, in the original languages, of several books of the Apocrypha andPseudepigrapha. These texts?none of which was included in the Hebrew canon of the Bible?areTobit, Sirach, Jubilees, portions of Enoch, and the Testament of Levi, up to this time known onlyin early Greek, Syriac, Latin, and Ethiopic versions.4John Trever of the W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research, was allowed toinvestigate the scrolls and was stunned to find that the scrolls closely resemble the Nash Papyrus,the once known oldest fragment of the Hebrew Bible dated at or around 150 BC. One of thescrolls was a complete copy of the book of the prophet Isaiah. Trever also examined three otherscrolls; the Manual of Disci pline, a commentary on the book of Habbakuk, and one called theGenesis Apocryphon. Trever took photographs of the texts to William Foxwell Albright ; of JohnHopkins University in Baltimore, who declared the scrolls dated back to around 100 BC.5The scroll and fragments found in the Qumran is a library of information that containsbooks or works written in three different languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. Manyscholars separated the scrolls into three different categories: Biblical Books found in the Hebrew Bible. Apocryphal or psuedepigraphical Works not in some Bibles but included in others. Sectarian ordinances, biblical commentaries, apocalyptic visions, and sacred works.6 One of the longer text, found in Qumran is the Tehillim or Psalms Scroll. It was found in1956 in cave 11 and unrolled in 1961. It is a assortment of Psalms, hymns and an indifferent passage about the psalms authored by King David. It is written on sheep skin parchment and it hasthe thickest surface of any of the scrolls.7 The Manual Of Discipline or Community Rule contains rules, warnings and punishmentsto violators of the rules of the desert sect called Yahad. It also contains the methods of joining thecommunity, the relations among the members, their way of life , and their beliefs. The sectbelieved that human nature and all that happens in the world is predestined. The scroll ends withsongs of praise of God. The scroll was found in cave 4 and cave 5 and It was written onparchment. The longest version was found in cave 4.8The War Rule is commonly referred to as the ?Pierced Messiah? text. It refer s to aMessiah who came from the line of David, to be brought to a judgment and then to a killing. Itanticipates the New Testament view of the preordained death of the messiah. It is written in aHebrew script and is only a six line fragment.9 Most of the scrolls were found in caves near Qumran. The Qumran site was excavated tofind the habitation of those who deposited the scrolls in the nearby caves. The excavationsuncovered plates bowls and cemeteries with over twelve hundred graves that have the samecharacteristics which suggest religious uniformity, along with a complex of structures which suggested that they were communal in presentation.10 Many believe this is where a community ofa distant Jewish sect called the Essenes may have once lived. The Essenes were members of aJewish religious brotherhood, organized on a communal basis who practiced strict disciplines. Theorder had around 4000 members and they existed in Palestine and Syria from the 2nd century BCto the 2nd century AD. The sects main settlements were on the shores of the Dead Sea.11 In somescholars views the site was the wilderness retreat of the Essenes. According to these scholars, theEssenes or another religious sect resided in neighboring locations, most likely caves, tents, andsolid structures, but depended on the center for community facilities such as stores of food andwater. 12Many scholars believe the Essene community wrote, copied, or accumulated the scrollsat Qumran and deposited them in the caves of the neighboring hills. Others question thisexplanation, claiming that the site was no monastery but rather a Roman fortress or a winterresidence. Some also believe that the Qumran site has little if anything to do with the scrolls andthe evidence available does not support a definitive answer. 13A lapse in the use of the site is linked to evidence of a huge earthquake. Qumran wasabandoned about the time of the Roman invasion of 68 A.D.,14 two years before the collapse ofJewish self-governme nt in Judea and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in 70 A.D. Thescrolls are believed to have been brought from Jerusalem the Judean wilderness for safekeepingwhen Jerusalem was threatened by Roman armies. This was the time that Qumran was a judeanmilitary fortress which was destroyed in a battle with the RomansSince their discovery, the Dead Sea Scrolls have been the subject of great scholarly andpublic interest. For scholars they represent an invaluable source for exploring the nature of post-biblical times and probing the sources of two of the worlds great religions. For the public, theyare artifacts of great significance, mystery, and drama. 15The Dead Sea Scrolls give us a better view of a crucial period in the history of Judaism. .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a , .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a .postImageUrl , .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a , .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a:hover , .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a:visited , .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a:active { border:0!important; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a:active , .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17e95b4eca8fd78b5f020c7225f84c9a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cultural Diversity: Racial Disparity in the EssayJudaism was divided into numerous religious sects and political parties. With the destruction ofthe Temple in 70 AD., all that came to an end. Only the Judaism of the Pharisees; the mostpowerful Jewish sectRabbinic Judaismsurvived. Qumran literature shows a Judaism in themidst of change from the religion of Israel as described in the Bible to the Judaism of the rabbis asexplained in the Talmud, which tells the rules that Jews live by.16 Scholars have emphasized similarities between the beliefs and practices shown in the Qumranmaterial and those of early Christians.17 These similarities include rituals of baptism, communalmea ls, and property.18 One of the most fascinating similarities is how the people dividedthemselves into twelve tribes led by twelve chiefs. This is very similar to how Jesus had twelveapostles who would sit on thrones and judge the twelve tribes of Israel. 19The Dead Sea Scrolls were written during the birth of Christianity and an important time inJewish history. The scrolls have giving an insight into the lives and customs of the people wholived in a time of Roman invasion and Jewish history. Although the text do not hold all theanswers, they do give people a tool to use when studying biblical history. Only a very fewscholars had access to the scrolls before copies of the scrolls were published in the 1990s; nowwe all have a chance to read an come to our own conclusions about the text. Whether the scrollsuphold Jewish or Christian beliefs is not the only interesting part of the scrolls. The text also givea more personal look at the people who lived in a major part of Jewish history. BibliographyWORKS CITEDBurrows, Millar. (1955). The Dead Sea Scrolls. New York: Grammercy Publishing Company Roth, Cecil. (1965). The Dea Sea Scrolls. A New Historical Approach. New York: W.W. Norton ; Company. Schubert, Kurt . (1959). The Dead Sea Community. Great Britain: Bowering Press Plymouth. Shanks, Hershel. (1998). The Mystery And Meaning Of The Dead Sea Scrolls. New York:Random House. Project Judaica Foundation, Inc.(1996-1999) . Welcome to SCROLLS FROM THE DEAD SEA. The Ancient Library of Qumran and ModernScholarship, an Exhibit at the Library of Congress, Washington,DChttp://metalab.unc.edu/expo/deadsea.scrolls.exhibit/intro.html, Site design by New Connections. Religion